Herpes simplex keratitis is an infection of the cornea, or clear outer tissue of the eye, caused by the herpes simplex virus. This is the same virus associated with cold sores. This is not the herpes type II associated with sexual transmission.
A herpes eye infection often involves an ulcer or break in the corneal eye surface. The eye may feel scratchy and red or may be quite painful. Vision may be affected, especially with the corneal swelling of “disciform” herpes keratitis. Herpetic keratitis has a tendency to recur, leading to the possibility of permanent vision changes.
Early and consistent treatment is important to minimize risk of eye damage. However, the herpes virus does not always respond to the initial treatment and it may require a change of medications and care lasting months. Affected vision most usually returns to normal, although permanent scarring may require a corneal transplant to restore vision.
Because herpetic eye infections tend to recur, it is important to recognize the symptoms and seek early treatment. While the exact cause of recurrence is not fully understood, there is an association with fevers, sun exposure, and steroid-containing medications.
